Ukrainian strikes on Russian oil infrastructure: refineries, export terminals, pipeline pumping and blending stations, and fuel depots, logged site by site through 2026. The SBU and the General Staff frame the campaign as an attack on the money that funds the war. By September 2026 Ukrainian sources put the share of Russian refining capacity disabled at around 43 per cent, Russia was covering roughly 65 per cent of its own gasoline demand, exports had been halted and rationing introduced, and Russian crude was being sent to Kazakhstan to be refined. Each card names its sources and says what is estimated.
Novo-Ufimsky Refinery (Ufa)
Ufa, Bashkortostan. 2 Apr 2026. On the night of 1–2 April, long-range drones reached Ufa in one of Ukraine's deepest strikes to that point in 2026, hitting the Novo-Ufimsky plant and signalling that Bashkortostan's refinery cluster was now within reach. • Operator: Bashneft (Novoil) • Capacity: ~7 Mt/yr (estimated); part of the ~23.5 Mt/yr Ufa cluster with Ufaneftekhim and UNPZ • Distance: ~1,400 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: fire reported; damage partial • Federal district: Volga Federal District
Primorsk Oil Terminal
Primorsk, Leningrad Oblast. 5 Apr 2026. A fuel reservoir at the Baltic terminal was holed by shrapnel overnight and began leaking, Leningrad Oblast Governor Alexander Drozdenko said, walking back an earlier claim from his own office that a pipeline had also been hit. Operator: Transneft-Port Primorsk Capacity: loads ~1 million barrels of crude a day (estimated); terminus of the Baltic Pipeline System Distance: ~950 km from the Ukrainian border (estimated) Estimated impact: one reservoir leaking from shrapnel damage; separately, three RVSP-20000 tanks (20,000 m3 each) were reported damaged and on fire in the same wave of strikes Casualties: none reported Context: first reported strike on this facility in the timeline; Primorsk and Ust-Luga together handle roughly 40% of Russia's seaborne oil exports; the same night a Lukoil-Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez refinery unit (AVT-6, AVT-1, bitumen unit 19/6) was also hit Federal district: Northwestern Federal District Images: strike-area photo (Defence Matters); open-license oil-terminal tank farm photograph used as context (Wikimedia Commons).
Ust-Luga Oil Terminal (Transneft-Baltika)
Ust-Luga, Leningrad Oblast. 7 Apr 2026. Ukraine's General Staff said drones hit at least three storage tanks belonging to Transneft-Baltika at the Baltic export port, two nights after the neighbouring Primorsk terminal was struck. Operator: Transneft-Baltika Capacity: not published for this tank group; Ust-Luga and Primorsk together handle roughly 40% of Russia's seaborne oil exports (estimated) Distance: ~900 km from the Ukrainian border (estimated) Estimated impact: at least three storage tanks hit, per the General Staff; no production or throughput figure has been published Casualties: none reported Context: distinct from the NOVATEK-Ust-Luga gas condensate complex logged elsewhere here; Leningrad Oblast air defense claimed 22 UAVs intercepted the same night Federal district: Northwestern Federal District Images: strike photo (General Staff of Ukraine via The New Voice of Ukraine); open-license Ust-Luga port photograph (Wikimedia Commons).
Tuapse Refinery
Tuapse, Krasnodar Krai. 16 Apr 2026. The first strike of 2026 on this Black Sea export refinery, and the start of four attacks in a fortnight. Industry sources told Reuters the plant stopped operations after this hit; the fire took four days to put out. • Operator: Rosneft • Capacity: ~12 Mt/yr nameplate (throughput ~9 Mt/yr) • Distance: ~500 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: operations stopped, per industry sources cited by Reuters; struck again on 20 and 28 April and 1 May • Federal district: Southern Federal District
Syzran Refinery
Syzran, Samara Oblast. 18 Apr 2026. The first strike of 2026 on Rosneft's Syzran plant. The follow-up on 21 May damaged the AVT-6 crude distillation unit and shut the refinery for over a month. • Operator: Rosneft • Capacity: ~8.5 Mt/yr (Reuters estimate, ~170,000 bbl/day) • Distance: ~700 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: fire reported; the shutdown came after the 21 May follow-up • Federal district: Volga Federal District
Tuapse Refinery
Tuapse, Krasnodar Krai. 20 Apr 2026. The second strike on the Black Sea export refinery in four days, hitting the tank farm while fires from the 16 April attack were still burning. The combined blazes were not fully extinguished until 24 April. • Operator: Rosneft • Capacity: ~12 Mt/yr nameplate (throughput ~9 Mt/yr); storage capacity over 1.5 million m³ • Distance: ~500 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: heavy damage across the storage tank farm; the plant had already stopped operations after the 16 April strike, per industry sources cited by Reuters • Federal district: Southern Federal District
Samara Oil Terminal (LPDS)
Prosvet, Samara Oblast. 21 Apr 2026. Five crude storage tanks caught fire overnight at the Samara linear production dispatch station after a strike the SBU's Alpha Special Operations Center said its drones carried out. Operator: Transneft-Privolga Capacity: part of a 71-tank complex holding ~1.6 million m3 of crude (estimated); the five tanks hit held ~20,000 m3 each Distance: ~900 km from the Ukrainian border (per later reporting on the same site) Estimated impact: five crude tanks destroyed in the fire, per SBU sources cited by Ukrinform; the station blends high- and low-sulfur crude into Urals, Russia's benchmark export grade Casualties: none, per Samara Oblast Governor Vyacheslav Fedorishchev Context: first reported strike on this facility in the timeline; four pipelines from Western Siberia, Tatarstan, Orenburg Oblast and Kazakhstan converge here, and the SBU said damage to the station cuts Russia's ability to assemble export shipments Federal district: Volga Federal District Images: strike photo (SBU via Kyiv Independent); strike photo (Euromaidan Press); strike photos x2 (Ukrinform); open-license Transneft pipeline photograph (Wikimedia Commons).
Tuapse Refinery
Tuapse, Krasnodar Krai. 28 Apr 2026. Overnight 27–28 April, drones approached the refinery from the sea at low altitude and set the tank farm beside the ELOU-AVT-12 unit ablaze. Residents living near the plant were evacuated to School No. 6; 164 firefighters and 46 appliances were committed. Oil slicks reached coastal waters and an environmental incident was declared. • Operator: Rosneft • Capacity: ~12 Mt/yr nameplate (throughput ~9 Mt/yr) • Distance: ~500 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: after this third strike in two weeks, OSINT analysis put the tank farm at 24 tanks destroyed (~52% of storage), 4 damaged (~9%) and 18 intact (~39%) • Context: airport restrictions imposed at Krasnodar, Gelendzhik and Sochi; the fire was extinguished on 30 April, a day before the next strike • Federal district: Southern Federal District
Perm Refinery (Lukoil-PNOS)
Perm, Perm Krai. 29 Apr 2026. Among the deepest strikes of the spring, and the one that triggered a chemical-emergency alert in the city. The follow-up on 7 May stopped the plant outright. • Operator: Lukoil (Permnefteorgsintez) • Capacity: ~13 Mt/yr (estimated) • Distance: ~1,500 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: damage at the plant plus a chemical-emergency alert in Perm; processing was not halted until the 7 May follow-up • Federal district: Volga Federal District
Tuapse Refinery
Tuapse, Krasnodar Krai. 1 May 2026. The fourth strike on Tuapse in a fortnight, and the one where the accounts diverge: Russian officials said the fire was at the marine terminal, while independent broadcaster RTVI reported the Rosneft refinery ablaze and said its journalists saw no fire at the terminal. • Operator: Rosneft • Capacity: ~12 Mt/yr nameplate (throughput ~9 Mt/yr) • Distance: ~500 km from the Ukrainian border • Target. disputed: marine terminal per Russian authorities; refinery per RTVI reporters on the ground. Tuapse hosts both, roughly 2 km apart • Estimated impact: not independently established; the plant was already shut down from the April strikes • Federal district: Southern Federal District
Primorsk Oil Terminal
Primorsk, Leningrad Oblast. 3 May 2026. NASA FIRMS recorded fresh fire signatures at the Baltic terminal on the morning of 3 May, days after Tuapse had been the campaign's main focus. Governor Alexander Drozdenko acknowledged the fire. Operator: Transneft-Port Primorsk Capacity: 18 tanks of ~50,000 t each (estimated); handles ~1 million barrels/day, roughly 40% of Russia's seaborne oil exports combined with Ust-Luga Distance: ~950 km from the Ukrainian border (estimated) Estimated impact: cumulative damage since March-April strikes reached about eight 50,000 m3 tanks, roughly 40% of the terminal's storage capacity, per reporting at the time Casualties: none reported Context: second reported strike on this facility in the timeline, after 5 Apr Federal district: Northwestern Federal District Images: NASA FIRMS fire-detection map (Euromaidan Press); open-license oil-terminal tank farm photograph used as context (Wikimedia Commons).
Kirishi Refinery, KINEF
Kirishi, Leningrad Oblast. 5 May 2026. Russia's second-largest refinery, first hit in September 2025 and struck again on 5 May 2026. • Operator: Surgutneftegas (KINEF) • Capacity: ~20.1 Mt/yr (Russia's second-largest refinery) • Distance: ~810 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: plant reportedly stopped production after the May strike; a full stop idles on the order of ~20 Mt/yr • Federal district: Northwestern Federal District
Perm Refinery (Lukoil-PNOS)
Perm, Perm Krai. 7 May 2026. Liutyi drones returned to Perm eight days after the 29 April strike, hitting the refinery and a nearby oil pumping station. This was the strike that stopped the plant: Reuters reported on 13 May that processing had halted completely and remained shut. • Operator: Lukoil (Permnefteorgsintez, "PNOS") • Capacity: ~13 Mt/yr (estimated), Russia's seventh-largest refinery • Distance: ~1,500 km from the Ukrainian border • Weapon: An-196 Liutyi long-range drones • Estimated impact: output fully stopped; two industry sources told Reuters the plant remained shut as of 13 May • Context: a chemical-emergency alert had been issued in the city after the 29 April strike • Federal district: Volga Federal District
Tamanneftegaz Oil Terminal
Volna, Krasnodar Krai. 13 May 2026. Ukraine's Special Operations Forces said they hit the loading pier at the Tamanneftegaz terminal on the Taman Peninsula, a berth built to load four tankers at once. Operator: OTEKO Group Capacity: ~19.9 Mt/yr throughput (estimated); tank farm over 1 million m3 Distance: more than 300 km from the front line, per the SOF Estimated impact: loading pier damaged; no tanker-handling disruption figure has been published Casualties: none reported Context: first reported strike on this facility in the timeline; the terminal ships oil and gas products via the Black, Azov and Mediterranean seas Federal district: Southern Federal District Images: strike photos x2 (Special Operations Forces of Ukraine via The New Voice of Ukraine); open-license oil-terminal tank farm photograph used as context (Wikimedia Commons).
Ryazan Refinery
Ryazan, Ryazan Oblast. 15 May 2026. A main fuel artery to Moscow and one of the most-targeted plants of the war, hit at least fifteen times across 2025–26, with processing suspended since the 15 May 2026 strike. • Operator: Rosneft • Capacity: ~17.1 Mt/yr (~260,000 bbl/day, ~5% of Russia's refining) • Distance: ~480 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: ~17 Mt/yr effectively offline while shut down • Federal district: Central Federal District
Moscow Refinery (MNPZ, Kapotnya)
Kapotnya, Moscow. 17 May 2026. The first strike of 2026 on Gazprom Neft's Moscow refinery, and the opening of a sequence that would end with the plant shut down. Local authorities and plant representatives said the May hit caused no significant damage, though operations were halted for several days "for safety reasons". The two June strikes that followed were far more damaging, see 16 and 18 June. • Operator: Gazprom Neft (MNPZ) • Capacity: ~11–12 Mt/yr of crude (estimated; some reports cite up to ~14 Mt/yr), supplies ~40% of the Moscow region's petrol and ~50% of its diesel, roughly a third of the capital's total fuel consumption • Distance: ~475 km from the Ukrainian border (~15 km from the Kremlin) • Estimated impact: no significant damage reported; processing paused for several days as a precaution • Sequence: struck again on 16 June (ELOU-AVT-6 crude unit) and 18 June (Euro+ unit), which together disabled all primary crude refining; a further fire on 10 July was never confirmed as a strike • Federal district: Central Federal District
Kstovo Refinery, NORSI
Kstovo, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. 18 May 2026. The first of two strikes on Russia's fourth-largest refinery in three days. Reporting on this attack was thin at the time; its significance became clear when drones returned on 20 May and disabled the primary distillation unit. • Operator: Lukoil (Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez, "NORSI") • Capacity: ~17 Mt/yr, Russia's fourth-largest refinery; more than 50 product types, supplying the Moscow region • Distance: ~800 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: not established in open reporting; confirmed as a strike in coverage of the 20 May follow-up • Federal district: Volga Federal District
Kstovo Refinery, NORSI
Kstovo, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. 20 May 2026. Overnight drones hit the ELOU-AVT primary distillation unit in the southwestern section of the plant, igniting fires at two industrial sites. Reuters reported on 22 May that the unit, which desalts crude and separates it into base fractions, had been halted. • Operator: Lukoil (Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez, "NORSI") • Capacity: ~17 Mt/yr, Russia's fourth-largest refinery • Distance: ~800 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: main crude unit halted; the plant was still recovering from this when it was struck again on 24 June and 2 July • Context: Russia's Defence Ministry claimed 273 drones downed nationwide overnight; Governor Gleb Nikitin reported 30 over Nizhny Novgorod Oblast • Federal district: Volga Federal District
Syzran Refinery
Syzran, Samara Oblast. 21 May 2026. Ukraine's General Staff confirmed a drone strike that damaged the AVT-6 primary processing unit and shut the refinery down completely. Reuters reported the shutdown could last another month. • Operator: Rosneft • Capacity: ~8.5 Mt/yr (Reuters estimate, ~170,000 bbl/day) • Distance: ~700 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: AVT-6 (~6.3 Mt/yr, ~70% of primary capacity) damaged; operations fully suspended for over a month • Context: the second of what would become at least four strikes on the plant in 2026, after 18 April • Federal district: Volga Federal District
Grushovaya Oil Depot (Novorossiysk)
Novorossiysk, Krasnodar Krai. 23 May 2026. Satellite imagery reviewed by Dnipro OSINT confirmed two fuel storage tanks hit at the Grushovaya depot, one of them destroyed, with a section of the site's pipeline network also damaged. Operator: Chernomortransneft (Transneft) Capacity: ~1.2-1.25 million m3 across 40-47 tanks (estimated); feeds the Sheskharis marine terminal logged elsewhere here Distance: ~500 km from the Ukrainian border (estimated) Estimated impact: one tank destroyed, a second damaged, plus pipeline damage, per satellite analysis; Russian authorities gave no detailed damage assessment Casualties: none reported Context: first reported strike on this facility in the timeline, ahead of an 8 Jun repeat strike logged here; administratively tied to the Sheskharis complex but a physically separate depot in the Grushovaya ravine Federal district: Southern Federal District Images: strike photo (Exilenova+ via UNITED24 Media); satellite damage image (Dnipro OSINT via UNITED24 Media).
Vtorovo Oil Pumping Station
Kameshkovsky District, Vladimir Oblast. 24 May 2026. The SBU said its drones set off a fire covering roughly 800 square meters at the Vtorovo fuel-pumping station, a node that feeds gasoline and diesel toward Moscow-area distribution hubs. Operator: Transneft (Transneft-Verkhnyaya Volga) Capacity: not published Distance: ~650 km from the Ukrainian border Estimated impact: fire over ~800 m2 of the site, per the SBU; no throughput-loss figure has been published Casualties: none reported Context: first reported strike on this facility in the timeline, ahead of repeat strikes logged here on 10 Jun and 27 Jun; SBU head Vasyl Maliuk tied the operation to a wider campaign against Russia's energy logistics Federal district: Central Federal District Images: strike photo (Exilenova+ via Euromaidan Press); open-license Transneft pipeline photograph used as context (Wikimedia Commons).
Tamanneftegaz Oil Terminal
Volna, Krasnodar Krai. 24 May 2026. A marine loading arm, the mechanical conduit that transfers crude onto waiting tankers, took a direct hit at Tamanneftegaz overnight, Ukraine's General Staff said. The same operation struck two Russian naval vessels at Novorossiysk. Operator: OTEKO Group Capacity: ~20 Mt/yr annual throughput (estimated) Distance: more than 300 km from the front line (estimated) Estimated impact: one marine loading arm structurally damaged, per the General Staff; no throughput-loss figure has been published Casualties: none reported Context: second reported strike on this facility in the timeline, after 13 May; the same night the patrol ship Pytlivy and a missile-armed hovercraft were struck at Novorossiysk naval base Federal district: Southern Federal District Images: strike photo (General Staff of Ukraine via Kyiv Post); open-license oil-terminal tank farm photograph used as context (Wikimedia Commons).
Tuapse Refinery
Tuapse, Krasnodar Krai. 27 May 2026. Ukraine's General Staff said drones reached the Rosneft refinery for a fifth time this spring, setting off fire and heavy smoke; the statement said the scale of the damage was still being assessed. Operator: Rosneft Capacity: ~12 Mt/yr nameplate (estimated) Distance: ~500 km from the Ukrainian border Estimated impact: fire and heavy smoke reported on site; the General Staff had not published a unit-by-unit damage figure as of the statement Casualties: none reported Context: fifth reported strike on this refinery in the timeline, after 16 Apr, 20 Apr, 28 Apr and 1 May Federal district: Southern Federal District Images: strike photo (Astra via Kyiv Independent); open-license Tuapse refinery photograph (Wikimedia Commons).
Yaroslavl-3 Pumping Station
Yaroslavl Oblast. 29 May 2026. The same overnight operation that hit Volgograd also reached the Yaroslavl-3 oil pumping station, where two storage tanks of 50,000 and 20,000 cubic meters caught fire, Ukraine's General Staff said. Operator: Transneft Capacity: the two tanks hit held ~70,000 m3 combined (estimated); overall station capacity not published Distance: ~700 km from the Ukrainian border Estimated impact: two tanks burning, per the General Staff; no production-halt figure has been published Casualties: none reported Context: first reported strike on this facility in the timeline; a node on the Surgut-Polotsk pipeline carrying Siberian and northern Russian crude to the Baltic export terminals at Primorsk and Ust-Luga and to Belarus, and feeding the nearby Slavneft-YaNOS refinery logged elsewhere here Federal district: Central Federal District Images: strike photo (Astra via Euromaidan Press); open-license Yaroslavl refinery photograph used as regional context (Wikimedia Commons).
Volgograd Refinery
Volgograd, Volgograd Oblast. 29 May 2026. Ukraine's General Staff said drones hit four primary distillation units at the Lukoil-Volgogradneftepererabotka refinery overnight, along with secondary processing units, igniting a fire that halted production. Operator: Lukoil (Lukoil-Volgogradneftepererabotka) Capacity: ~14.5 Mt/yr (estimated), the largest refinery in southern Russia, among Russia's ten largest overall Distance: ~500 km from the Ukrainian border Estimated impact: primary units AVT-1, AVT-3, AVT-5 and AVT-6 damaged, plus secondary units, per Ukraine's General Staff; production halted Casualties: none reported Context: first reported strike on this refinery in the timeline, ahead of the 1 Jun and 31 Jul strikes logged here; Russian media counted it as roughly the tenth wartime strike on the plant overall; operation also reached the Yaroslavl-3 pumping station the same night Federal district: Southern Federal District Images: strike photos x2 (Exilenova+ via Euromaidan Press); open-license Volgograd refinery photograph (Wikimedia Commons).
Saratov Refinery
Saratov, Saratov Oblast. 30 May 2026. A Volga refinery beside a key pipeline node, hit on 30 May and again on 8 July 2026. • Operator: Rosneft • Capacity: ~7 Mt/yr nameplate (throughput ~4.8–5.8 Mt/yr, ~2.2% of Russian refining) • Distance: ~600 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: fires reported on site; strikes on the co-located pipeline hub compounded disruption to regional fuel supply • Federal district: Volga Federal District
Lazarevo Pumping Station
Urzhum District, Kirov Oblast. 31 May 2026. Ukraine's Special Operations Forces said they struck the Lazarevo oil-pumping station, a junction that routes Siberian crude toward the Baltic port of Primorsk and onward to Belarus. Kirov Governor Alexander Sokolov disputed the claim, saying only an unnamed enterprise was hit. Operator: Transneft Capacity: site holds RVSP-20000 and RVSP-50000 tanks (estimated); station throughput not published Distance: ~1,200 km from the Ukrainian border Estimated impact: fire reported on the pumping and storage grounds, per SOF and Astra/Exilenova+ imagery; no throughput-loss figure has been published, and the governor's account contradicts the SOF's Casualties: none reported Context: first reported strike on this facility in the timeline; also links to the Druzhba pipeline system, letting Russia reroute oil between its two largest European pipelines Federal district: Volga Federal District Images: strike photo (Supernova+ via Euromaidan Press); strike photo (Exilenova+ via Euromaidan Press); illustrative pipeline-network map (Neftegaz via Euromaidan Press).
Volgograd Refinery
Volgograd, Volgograd Oblast. 1 Jun 2026. The largest refinery in southern Russia, targeted multiple times including a 1 June 2026 strike. • Operator: Lukoil • Capacity: ~14.5 Mt/yr (largest refinery in southern Russia) • Distance: ~500 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: repeated fires cut throughput at a major supplier of diesel and fuel to Russia's south • Federal district: Southern Federal District
Novokuibyshevsk Refinery
Novokuibyshevsk, Samara Oblast. 2 Jun 2026. Struck in September–October 2025 and again on 2 June 2026, damaging the AVT-9 and AVT-11 crude distillation units. • Operator: Rosneft • Capacity: ~7.9 Mt/yr • Distance: ~900 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: processing halted after the unit damage, most of ~8 Mt/yr offline pending repair • Federal district: Volga Federal District
Grushovaya Oil Depot (Novorossiysk)
Novorossiysk, Krasnodar Krai. 8 Jun 2026. One of the largest petroleum storage sites in the Caucasus caught fire again overnight at Grushovaya, Ukraine's 1st Separate Centre of the Unmanned Systems Forces said, working with Special Operations Forces. Operator: Chernomortransneft (Transneft) Capacity: ~1.2-1.4 million m3 of storage (estimated); accounts for a sizeable share of Russia's seaborne crude exports Distance: ~500 km from the Ukrainian border (estimated) Estimated impact: fire recorded on the grounds; the scale of damage was still being assessed at the time of reporting Casualties: none reported Context: second reported strike on this facility in the timeline, after 23 May; Russian officials linked it loosely to the adjoining Sheskharis complex without giving a separate damage figure Federal district: Southern Federal District Images: strike photo (Astra/Telegram via Kyiv Post).
Vtorovo Oil Pumping Station
Kameshkovsky District, Vladimir Oblast. 10 Jun 2026. NASA FIRMS detected a fire at Vtorovo at 3:13 a.m., the second time this pumping station had burned in just over two weeks; a sister station at Lobkovo caught fire the same morning. Operator: Transneft (Transneft-Verkhnyaya Volga) Capacity: not published Distance: ~650 km from the Ukrainian border Estimated impact: fire confirmed by NASA FIRMS and OSINT smoke analysis; no throughput-loss figure has been published Casualties: none reported Context: second reported strike on this facility in the timeline, after 24 May, with a third logged here on 27 Jun; Vladimir Oblast Governor Alexander Avdeyev confirmed UAV strikes on both stations Federal district: Central Federal District Images: strike photo (Exilenova+ via The New Voice of Ukraine); open-license Transneft pipeline photograph used as context (Wikimedia Commons).
Lobkovo Oil Pumping Station
Alexandrovsky District, Vladimir Oblast. 10 Jun 2026. A second Transneft pumping station burned the same morning as Vtorovo: NASA FIRMS logged a fire at Lobkovo at 5:04 a.m., part of the same trunk pipeline network supplying central Russia. Operator: Transneft (Transneft-Verkhnyaya Volga) Capacity: not published Distance: ~650 km from the Ukrainian border (estimated) Estimated impact: fire confirmed by NASA FIRMS; no throughput-loss figure has been published Casualties: none reported Context: first reported strike on this facility in the timeline; struck alongside Vtorovo, logged separately here, as part of the same unified Transneft trunk-pipeline system feeding Moscow-area fuel depots Federal district: Central Federal District Images: satellite/OSINT image (Telegram Astra via The New Voice of Ukraine); open-license Transneft pipeline photograph used as context (Wikimedia Commons).
Afipsky Refinery
Afipsky, Krasnodar Krai. 11 Jun 2026. Drones returned to Krasnodar Krai and set a major fire at the Afipsky refinery, with a primary oil-processing unit reported burning. Ukraine confirmed the strike on one of southern Russia's largest plants. • Operator: Afipsky Refinery (Safmar Group) • Capacity: ~6.25 Mt/yr (estimated), one of the largest refineries in southern Russia (petrol, diesel, vacuum gasoil, fuel oil, including for the Russian military) • Distance: ~150–200 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: major fire at a primary processing unit; the plant was struck again on 14 July • Federal district: Southern Federal District
TANECO Refinery (Nizhnekamsk)
Nizhnekamsk, Tatarstan. 12 Jun 2026. A modern complex deep in Tatarstan, hit on 12 June and again on 8 July 2026. • Operator: Tatneft (TANECO) • Capacity: design ~16 Mt/yr, actual throughput ~8.7 Mt/yr (estimated), one of Russia's newest and most advanced refineries • Distance: ~1,200 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: fires reported; strikes this far inside Russia underlined the growing reach of Ukraine's long-range drones • Federal district: Volga Federal District
Moscow Refinery (MNPZ, Kapotnya)
Kapotnya, Moscow. 16 Jun 2026. Ukrainian long-range drones struck Gazprom Neft's Moscow refinery overnight, hitting the ELOU-AVT-6 crude distillation unit, the plant's main primary-processing train, rated about 140,000 barrels per day. Reuters sources put the damaged unit at roughly 53% of the refinery's capacity. Monitoring channels reported the plant had begun shutting down before the drones arrived; it was hit anyway. • Operator: Gazprom Neft (MNPZ) • Capacity: ~11–12 Mt/yr of crude (estimated; some reports cite up to ~14 Mt/yr), supplies ~40% of the Moscow region's petrol and ~50% of its diesel, and aviation fuel to Domodedovo, Vnukovo, Sheremetyevo and Zhukovsky • Distance: ~475 km from the Ukrainian border (~15 km from the Kremlin) • Estimated impact: ELOU-AVT-6 disabled, per Reuters sources ~53% of plant capacity; refining continued at reduced rate on the second primary unit until 18 June • Attribution: Ukraine's General Staff; strike coordinated by the Unmanned Systems Forces • Context: the first of the two June strikes that between them took the refinery to zero crude throughput • Federal district: Central Federal District
Moscow Refinery (MNPZ, Kapotnya)
Kapotnya, Moscow. 18 Jun 2026. Two nights after the first strike, Ukraine launched the largest drone attack on Moscow since the start of the full-scale invasion and hit the refinery again, damaging the Euro+ combined refining unit. With both primary trains now down, the plant could no longer process crude at all. Zelensky called the raid "a fully justified response to Russian strikes on our cities". • Operator: Gazprom Neft (MNPZ) • Capacity: ~11–12 Mt/yr of crude (estimated), roughly a third of the capital's total fuel consumption • Distance: ~475 km from the Ukrainian border (~15 km from the Kremlin) • Weapons: FP-1, An-196 Liutyi and jet-powered Bars drones; operation run by the Unmanned Systems Forces (Robert Brovdi) with SOF, SBU and HUR • Estimated impact: Euro+ unit, secondary installations, pipelines and storage tanks damaged; Ukraine's General Staff reported at least five fires. Analysts assessed 100% of primary crude-refining capacity out of action • Estimated outlook: Reuters (24 Jun, two sources) reported at least six months of repairs and no restart expected in 2026; analysts at Sinara put repair costs at up to ~$1bn in a pessimistic scenario • Scale of the raid: 194 drones reported downed on approach to Moscow (Sobyanin cited 180; Russia's MoD claimed 555 nationwide), the previous record was 74 on 11 March 2026. At least 17 people injured in Moscow Oblast including two children, Red Square closed, and 527 flights disrupted (170+ cancelled, 110+ delayed) • Note: footage showed a Russian air-defence missile, likely from a Pantsir, missing a drone and striking a fuel tank at the plant • Federal district: Central Federal District
Kavkaz Port
Temryuksky District, Krasnodar Krai. 21 Jun 2026. Fire broke out at the fuel-storage grounds of Port Kavkaz overnight, visible in satellite imagery obtained by The New Voice of Ukraine, the same operation that hit a fuel-tank farm at Kerch across the strait. Operator: not specified in reporting Capacity: not published; ranked fifth-largest in Russia and second in the Black Sea-Azov basin after Novorossiysk Distance: ~400 km from the Ukrainian border (estimated) Estimated impact: fire at the fuel depot, confirmed by satellite imagery; no damage figure has been published Casualties: none reported Context: first reported strike on this facility in the timeline; President Zelensky confirmed the wider operation, which the OSINT project CyberBoroshno said was aimed at fuel supplies reaching occupied Crimea, Kherson, Zaporizhzhia and Donetsk Federal district: Southern Federal District Images: strike-area photo (Exilenova+ via The New Voice of Ukraine); open-license oil-terminal tank farm photograph used as context (Wikimedia Commons).
Kstovo Refinery, NORSI
Kstovo, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. 24 Jun 2026. Russia's fourth-largest refinery. This 24 June strike disabled the CDU-5 primary crude unit; the plant was struck again on 2 July while attempting to restart. • Operator: Lukoil (Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez, 'NORSI') • Capacity: ~17.0 Mt/yr, incl. ~4.8 Mt gasoline (Russia's fourth-largest refinery) • Distance: ~800 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: reportedly lost more than half its production capacity, on the order of ~8–9 Mt/yr offline, a heavy blow to national gasoline supply • Federal district: Volga Federal District
Yaroslavl Refinery, Slavneft-YaNOS
Yaroslavl, Yaroslavl Oblast. 24 Jun 2026. One of three plants piping fuel to Moscow. Struck again on 16 July (a HUR deep-strike operation), 27 July and 6 August 2026. • Operator: Slavneft (YaNOS) • Capacity: ~15 Mt/yr (~300,000 bbl/day), largest refinery in Russia's Central Federal District • Distance: ~700 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: explosions and fire documented on site; repeated hits deepened a Moscow-region supply squeeze already worsened by the MNPZ outage • Federal district: Central Federal District
Slavyansk Refinery
Slavyansk-na-Kubani, Krasnodar Krai. 25 Jun 2026. One of the closest targets, hit in December 2025 and again in late June 2026, announced by President Zelensky alongside the Yaroslavl strike. • Operator: Slavyansk ECO • Capacity: ~4.0 Mt/yr • Distance: ~350 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: fire on site; a smaller plant, but a steady regional fuel and export source • Federal district: Southern Federal District
Vtorovo Oil Pumping Station
Kameshkovsky District, Vladimir Oblast. 27 Jun 2026. The SBU's Alpha Special Operations Center said its drones hit technical buildings at Vtorovo for a third time this month, triggering secondary detonations. Operator: Transneft (Transneft-Verkhnyaya Volga) Capacity: not published Distance: ~650 km from the Ukrainian border Estimated impact: technical buildings hit with secondary detonations, per the SBU; no throughput-loss figure has been published Casualties: none reported Context: third reported strike on this facility in the timeline, after 24 May and 10 Jun; the station feeds diesel to the Moscow Ring Oil Products Pipeline Federal district: Central Federal District Images: strike photo (Exilenova+/Telegram via Kyiv Post); open-license Transneft pipeline photograph used as context (Wikimedia Commons).
Ufimsky Refinery (Ufa)
Ufa, Bashkortostan. 1 Jul 2026. Part of a cluster of Ufa plants repeatedly targeted since 2025; Zelensky also cited a linked missile/satellite-components plant hit the same night. • Operator: Bashneft • Capacity: ~7 Mt/yr (estimated) • Distance: ~1,400 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: fire reported at the refinery • Federal district: Volga Federal District
Kstovo Refinery, NORSI
Kstovo, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. 2 Jul 2026. Russia's fourth-largest refinery caught fire again a week after the 24 June strike, just as it was coming off a shutdown. Thick black smoke rose over the industrial zone; the governor described the damage as non-critical, but Lukoil's largest plant halted operations. • Operator: Lukoil (Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez, "NORSI") • Capacity: ~17 Mt/yr, Russia's fourth-largest refinery; annual output ~5 Mt petrol, >5 Mt diesel, ~2 Mt fuel oil, ~0.5 Mt bitumen • Distance: ~800 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: operations halted; the CDU-5 primary unit (~12,000 t/day, ~25% of capacity) had already been knocked offline by the 24 June strike, and the restart attempt was interrupted by this attack • Strike history in 2026: April (thermal power plant supplying the refinery destroyed), 18 and 20 May (AVT-6 crude unit disabled), 24 June (CDU-5), 2 July • Federal district: Volga Federal District
Omsk Refinery, Russia’s Largest
Omsk, Omsk Oblast (Western Siberia). 6 Jul 2026. FP-1 drones struck Russia's largest refinery from more than 2,500 km away, a world-record one-way drone strike and the first-ever hit on the Omsk region, completing the set of Russia's 11 largest refineries all struck. • Operator: Gazprom Neft • Capacity: ~21–23 Mt/yr (~460,000 bbl/day), Russia's largest refinery • Distance: >2,500 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: two industry sources said the plant halted operations the next day • Federal district: Siberian Federal District
TAIF-NK Refinery (Nizhnekamsk)
Nizhnekamsk, Tatarstan. 8 Jul 2026. One of Russia's most complex plants for heavy-residue processing, struck alongside the neighbouring TANECO complex the same night. TANECO was also reported hit on 12 June 2026; reporting from that night did not clearly separate the two Nizhnekamsk plants. • Operator: TAIF-NK (TAIF Group) • Capacity: ~8.5 Mt/yr (estimated) • Distance: ~1,200 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: fires reported at the plant • Federal district: Volga Federal District Images: strike/fire photos over Nizhnekamsk via Exilenova+ / Euromaidan Press (8 Jul 2026); plus an open-license context photo.
Saratov Refinery
Saratov, Saratov Oblast. 8 Jul 2026. An overnight strike around 3 a.m. set the plant ablaze, reportedly its third shutdown this year. • Operator: Rosneft • Capacity: ~7 Mt/yr nameplate (throughput ~4.8–5.8 Mt/yr, ~2.2% of Russian refining) • Distance: ~600 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: monitoring reports indicate the CDU-6 primary distillation unit (~20,000 t/day, the refinery's only such unit) was hit, halting processing; one person reported killed and several injured in the wider regional attack • Federal district: Volga Federal District Images: strike/fire photo (Exilenova+ via Euromaidan Press); target-map graphic (Euromaidan Press)
TANECO Refinery (Nizhnekamsk)
Nizhnekamsk, Tatarstan. 8 Jul 2026. Ukraine's Special Operations Forces said drones struck the TANECO complex (alongside the neighbouring TAIF-NK plant); footage showed fires and heavy black smoke across the facility. • Operator: Tatneft (TANECO) • Capacity: design ~16 Mt/yr, actual throughput ~8.7 Mt/yr (estimated), one of Russia's newest and most advanced refineries • Distance: ~1,200 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: one of Russia's most modern refineries (hydrocracking, catalytic cracking, delayed coking; refining depth up to ~99%); had already halted operations after a June strike • Federal district: Volga Federal District Images: strike/fire photos (The Moscow Times and Euromaidan Press, credit Exilenova+)
Ilsky Refinery
Ilsky (Seversky District), Krasnodar Krai. 10 Jul 2026. Caught fire overnight after a Ukrainian drone strike, reported by Astra as at least the 17th strike on the plant since 2022 (5th in 2026). • Operator: Ilsky Oil Refinery (KNGK Group) • Capacity: ~6.6 Mt/yr (estimated, ~138,000 bbl/day); export-oriented products • Distance: ~500 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: Krasnodar officials said falling drone debris sparked a blaze, later reported extinguished; part of a wider overnight wave that also hit the Taganrog port oil terminal and an Azov oil depot • Federal district: Southern Federal District Images: Ilsky refinery file photo (Kyiv Independent / Wikipedia)
Moscow Refinery (MNPZ, Kapotnya)
Kapotnya, Moscow. 10 Jul 2026. Monitoring channels reported thick black smoke and fire at the Moscow refinery after an overnight raid on the capital. Unlike the June strikes, this one was never confirmed: the cause of the blaze was not established, Russia's Emergency Ministry denied any incident, and Ukraine's General Staff did not list the refinery among its targets that night. • Operator: Gazprom Neft (MNPZ) • Capacity: ~11–12 Mt/yr of crude (estimated); supplies roughly one-third of the capital's fuel • Distance: ~475 km from the Ukrainian border (~15 km from the Kremlin) • Scale of the raid: at least 14 drones targeted Moscow overnight, per The Moscow Times, a far smaller raid than the record 194-drone attack of 18 June • Estimated impact: unclear. OSINT footage (Exilenova+) showed smoke and flames on the refinery's territory, but it was not established whether the plant was damaged or operations affected; Russia's Emergency Ministry stated no incident had been recorded at the site • Status of the plant: already fully offline since the 16 and 18 June strikes, which damaged both primary crude units; Reuters reported it was unlikely to resume production before the end of 2026, with repair costs estimated by Sinara at up to ~$1bn • Confirmed targets that night: the General Staff instead claimed the Ilsky refinery (Krasnodar Krai), the Kurgannefteprodukt terminal in Taganrog, the Azovnefteprodukt depot in Azov, the NOVATEK-Ust-Luga complex, a fuel depot near Rozivka, and 18 vessels • Federal district: Central Federal District Images: Supernova+ / OSINT via UNITED24 Media (fire at the refinery, 10 July); context photos via Wikimedia Commons.
Syzran Refinery
Syzran, Samara Oblast. 12 Jul 2026. An overnight FP-1 strike ignited fires across the plant; satellite imagery published 13 July confirmed both primary distillation units were hit, an estimated ~100% of primary crude-processing capacity. • Operator: Rosneft • Capacity: ~8.5 Mt/yr (Reuters estimate, ~170,000 bbl/day) • Distance: ~700 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: AVT-5 (~2.6 Mt/yr, ~30%) and AVT-6 (~6.3 Mt/yr, ~70%) damaged (~8.9 Mt/yr combined); a third hit reportedly struck the LCh-35/11-600 catalytic reformer; General Staff confirmed; one killed and three injured in the region • Context: third reported strike on the plant in 2026, after 18 April and 21 May, the May strike had already knocked out AVT-6 and halted operations • Federal district: Volga Federal District Images: Kyiv Post / Exilenova+ (Telegram); Kyiv Independent / Exilenova+ (Telegram); Euromaidan Press / Exilenova+ (satellite/photo imagery, 13 July); Syzran refinery and NASA FIRMS fire map (Wikimedia Commons, CC).
Salavat Refinery, Gazprom Neftekhim
Salavat, Bashkortostan. 14 Jul 2026. Overnight 13–14 July, Ukrainian SOF Deep Strike drones hit both primary processing units, halting operations; reportedly the last major gasoline producer not yet struck in 2026. • Operator: Gazprom (Gazprom Neftekhim Salavat) • Capacity: ~10 Mt/yr design (estimated; processed ~7.2 Mt in 2024, ~2.7% of Russian refining) • Distance: ~1,400–1,500 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: CDU-6 (~17,140 t/day) and CDU-4 (~11,430 t/day) hit (per Reuters, 15 July); satellite imagery (16 July) confirmed damage to both primary units (AVT-6 ~6 Mt/yr, AVT-4 ~4 Mt/yr), plus pipelines and the roof of Shop No. 20 (HDPE); a Rosneft fuel depot was reportedly also targeted • Repairs: estimates range from days (regional governor) to weeks or months • Federal district: Volga Federal District Images: The Moscow Times / Exilenova+; UNITED24 Media / Exilenova+; Kyiv Post / Exilenova+; Militarnyi / Exilenova+ and CyberBoroshno (satellite/damage imagery); context photos via Wikimedia Commons.
Afipsky Refinery
Afipsky, Krasnodar Krai. 14 Jul 2026. Overnight 13–14 July, a fire broke out near the tank farm storing export-bound products; a repeat target previously hit 11 June 2026 and multiple times since 2022. • Operator: Afipsky Refinery (Safmar Group) • Capacity: ~6.25 Mt/yr (estimated), one of the largest refineries in southern Russia (gasoline, diesel, vacuum gasoil, fuel oil, incl. for the Russian military) • Distance: ~150–200 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: blaze described as massive and later extinguished; ~2 people injured • Federal district: Southern Federal District Images: Kyiv Post / Ukrainian monitoring channels; NASA FIRMS fire map of an earlier 2025 strike on Afipsky (Wikimedia Commons, CC).
Yaroslavl Refinery, Slavneft-YaNOS
Yaroslavl, Yaroslavl Oblast. 16 Jul 2026. Ukrainian long-range drones struck the refinery overnight, sparking a fire; Ukraine's HUR described it as a deep-strike operation, with the General Staff confirming on 17 July. • Operator: Slavneft (jointly owned by Rosneft and Gazprom Neft) • Capacity: ~15 Mt/yr (estimated), one of Russia's five largest refineries, largest in the Central Federal District • Distance: ~700 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: follow-up reporting (~20 July) indicated oil storage tanks were among facilities hit; damage assessment ongoing; a separate strike on the same refinery is recorded on 24 June 2026 • Federal district: Central Federal District Images: Ukraine's General Staff via Hvylya; context photos via Wikimedia Commons.
NS-Oil Refinery (Novospasskoye)
Novospasskoye, Ulyanovsk Oblast. 23 Jul 2026. An overnight drone strike ignited a large fire at the plant's liquefied-gas / fuel storage; tanks burned with heavy black smoke. • Operator: NS-Oil LLC (PromInvest industrial holding) • Capacity: ~0.6 Mt/yr (~600,000 t/yr, estimated), a small refinery (gasoline, diesel, fuel oil) • Distance: ~650 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: full extent of damage not yet assessed; Ulyanovsk Governor Alexey Russkikh confirmed a fuel-and-energy facility was hit; OSINT (Astra) identified it as NS-Oil • Federal district: Volga Federal District Images: strike-fire screenshot (Kyiv Independent / Supernova+ Telegram)
Pervyi Zavod Refinery (1st Plant)
Dzerzhinsky District, Kaluga Oblast. 24 Jul 2026. The SBU reported a fire in the plant's tank farm following the strike, part of a one-night operation hitting refineries, pumping stations and radar sites across several regions. • Operator: Pervyi Zavod LLC (“First Plant” / “1st Plant”), the largest petrochemical enterprise in Kaluga Oblast (crude oil and gas condensate) • Capacity: ~1.1 Mt/yr (estimated), a mini-refinery • Distance: ~300 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: fire in the tank farm reported by the SBU • Federal district: Central Federal District Images: UNN / SBU (strike wave); context photos of Dzerzhinsky District, Kaluga Oblast via Wikimedia Commons.
Tyumen Refinery (Antipinsky)
Tyumen, Tyumen Oblast. 25 Jul 2026. Struck by SOF long-range drones after a ~2,000 km flight, among Ukraine's deepest strikes of the war, the only major refinery in the Urals Federal District. It has since fully halted processing. • Operator: Tyumen Oil Refinery (TOR), formerly the Antipinsky refinery; owned by RI-Invest • Capacity: ~9 Mt/yr (processed ~5.7 Mt in 2024, yielding ~0.5 Mt gasoline and ~2.8 Mt diesel) • Distance: ~2,000 km flight distance • Estimated impact: two industry sources told Reuters the plant fully halted crude processing and product output after the strike damaged a diesel hydrotreating unit (~2.6 Mt/yr) and a combined high-octane gasoline unit; repair timeline unclear. Anti-drone netting over the processing units reportedly failed to stop the hit • Context: reportedly facilitated by the resistance group Chornaya Iskra ('Black Spark'); confirmed by President Zelenskyy, NSDC's Andriy Kovalenko and Governor Alexander Moor; upgraded Fire Point drones with range up to ~3,000 km. The same hydrotreater was already under repair after a 6 June fire caused by internal technical faults • Federal district: Ural Federal District Images: Exilenova+ / Supernova+ and UNN (strike/fire photos); context photos of the Antipinsky refinery and Tyumen via Wikimedia Commons.
Yaroslavl Refinery, Slavneft-YaNOS
Yaroslavl, Yaroslavl Oblast. 27 Jul 2026. Eyewitnesses and monitoring channels reported explosions and a fire in the industrial zone where the refinery sits; a road toward Moscow was temporarily closed. President Zelensky confirmed Ukrainian forces struck oil facilities in Yaroslavl. • Operator: Slavneft (Slavneft-YaNOS / Yaroslavnefteorgsintez; ~99.7% jointly owned by Rosneft and Gazprom Neft) • Capacity: ~15 Mt/yr (~300,000 bbl/day), largest refinery in Russia's Central Federal District • Distance: ~700 km from the Ukrainian border (~250 km NE of Moscow) • Estimated impact: damage not officially confirmed (estimated); repeat strike on a plant hit earlier in the campaign • Federal district: Central Federal District Images: open-licence photos of the Yaroslavl (Yaroslavnefteorgsintez) refinery via Wikimedia Commons, plus NASA FIRMS fire-detection maps for Yaroslavl; Sources: Reuters / BOE Report, Charter97, UNN.
Perm Refinery (Lukoil-PNOS)
Perm, Perm Krai. 29 Jul 2026. A fire was reported at the plant on the morning of 29 July, with one oil-processing unit said to be ablaze, among the deepest strikes of the campaign, the same morning as the Ryazan attack. • Operator: Lukoil (Permnefteorgsintez, "PNOS") • Capacity: ~13 Mt/yr (estimated) • Distance: ~1,500 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: damage still being clarified • Federal district: Volga Federal District Images: deep-strike map, Ryazan/Perm/Taganrog (Euromaidan Press); Lukoil-Permnefteorgsintez plant
Ryazan Refinery
Ryazan, Ryazan Oblast. 29 Jul 2026. Ukrainian FP-1 deep-strike drones set a fire on the refinery grounds on the morning of 29 July, in a coordinated night that also set ablaze a Wildberries logistics center in Ryazan. • Operator: Rosneft • Capacity: ~17.1 Mt/yr (estimated), ~5% of Russia's total refining output • Distance: ~480 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: consequences still being assessed; the plant had already halted crude processing after an earlier strike in May • Federal district: Central Federal District Images: Ryazan strike fire (Exilenova+ via Euromaidan Press); deep-strike map, Ryazan/Perm/Taganrog (Euromaidan Press); Ryazan refinery gas flare and NASA FIRMS fire map (Wikimedia Commons).
Tamanneftegaz Oil Terminal
Volna, Krasnodar Krai. 30 Jul 2026. NASA FIRMS picked up fire signatures at Tamanneftegaz overnight; Militarnyi's analysis said the blaze likely involved storage tanks holding crude and refined petroleum products. Operator: OTEKO Group Capacity: ~19.9 Mt/yr throughput (estimated); tank farm over 1 million m3 for petroleum products and LPG Distance: more than 300 km from the front line (estimated) Estimated impact: storage tanks likely ignited, per NASA FIRMS and OSINT analysis; no official damage figure has been published Casualties: none reported Context: third reported strike on this facility in the timeline, after 13 May and 24 May, with a fourth logged here on 20 Aug Federal district: Southern Federal District Images: terminal/port photo (Militarnyi).
Volgograd Refinery
Volgograd, Volgograd Oblast. 31 Jul 2026. On the morning of 31 July, Ukrainian long-range drones scored a direct hit on the Lukoil-Volgogradneftepererabotka refinery, Lukoil's largest plant in southern Russia, igniting a fire that NASA FIRMS recorded as several large active fires at the site. • Operator: Lukoil (Lukoil-Volgogradneftepererabotka) • Capacity: ~14.5 Mt/yr (largest refinery in southern Russia) • Distance: ~500 km from the Ukrainian border • Damage: direct hit confirmed by Ukraine's General Staff; fire on the premises, multiple active hotspots on NASA FIRMS • Estimated impact: produces gasoline, diesel and jet fuel for Russian military use; strike part of a renewed wave that also hit a Wildberries logistics hub (1 killed in the wider attack) • Context: comes as Russia extended its gasoline and diesel export ban through Jan 2027 amid a deepening fuel crunch • Federal district: Southern Federal District Images: strike-day smoke over Volgograd (Exilenova+ via The New Voice of Ukraine and The Moscow Times / @exilenova_plus Telegram); context and FIRMS fire-map imagery via Wikimedia Commons.
Novo-Ufimsky Refinery (Ufa)
Ufa, Bashkortostan. 1 Aug 2026. The Bashneft-Novoil (Novo-Ufimsky) refinery was among three Ufa plants targeted by SBU drones overnight in a coordinated strike on Russia's largest refining cluster, ~1,600 km from the Ukrainian border. • Operator: Bashneft (Rosneft-controlled) • Capacity: ~7 Mt/yr (estimated); part of the ~23.5 Mt/yr Ufa cluster with Ufaneftekhim and UNPZ • Distance: ~1,400 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: part of a coordinated cluster strike; combined Ufa cluster capacity >23 Mt/yr • Imagery note: available strike footage centers on the neighboring Ufaneftekhim fire the same night • Federal district: Volga Federal District Images: overnight Ufa strike photo via Kyiv Independent (Exilenova+ Telegram); context image via Wikimedia Commons.
Ufaneftekhim Refinery (Ufa)
Ufa, Bashkortostan. 1 Aug 2026. SBU long-range drones struck the Bashneft-Ufaneftekhim refinery, the largest and most modern plant in the Ufa cluster, igniting a large fire at a primary refining unit roughly 1,600 km from the Ukrainian border. • Operator: Bashneft (Rosneft-controlled) • Capacity: ~9.5 Mt/yr (estimated); refining depth >95% • Distance: ~1,400 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: fire reported at a primary crude-processing unit; ASTRA-geolocated footage showed two columns of black smoke • Context: one of three Ufa refineries hit the same night (combined cluster ~23 Mt/yr); no casualties reported (Russian claim) • Federal district: Volga Federal District Images: strike/fire photos via Militarnyi and Kyiv Independent (Exilenova+ Telegram); context image via Wikimedia Commons.
Ufimsky Refinery (Ufa)
Ufa, Bashkortostan. 1 Aug 2026. The Bashneft-Ufimsky refinery (Bashneft-UNPZ) was one of three Ufa plants struck by SBU long-range drones overnight, part of a coordinated hit on Russia's Ufa refining cluster ~1,600 km from the Ukrainian border. • Operator: Bashneft (Rosneft-controlled) • Capacity: ~7 Mt/yr (estimated) • Distance: ~1,400 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: part of a coordinated cluster strike; combined Ufa cluster capacity >23 Mt/yr • Imagery note: available strike footage centers on the neighboring Ufaneftekhim fire the same night • Federal district: Volga Federal District Images: overnight Ufa strike photo via Kyiv Independent (Exilenova+ Telegram); context image via Wikimedia Commons.
Saratov Refinery
Saratov, Saratov Oblast. 2 Aug 2026. Ukrainian drones struck the Saratov refinery and the nearby Engels airbase overnight; a fire broke out at the refinery, per monitoring channels. • Operator: Rosneft • Capacity: ~7 Mt/yr nameplate (throughput ~4.8–5.8 Mt/yr); about 1 Mt/yr petrol and ~2 Mt/yr diesel • Distance: ~600 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: processing fully halted; the plant's only primary unit, AVT-6, offline since 2 August (reported 5 Aug) • Repairs: restoration estimated at two to three weeks (industry sources via Reuters, Ukrainska Pravda) • Casualties: two people reported killed in the Saratov/Engels strikes (regional governor) • Federal district: Volga Federal District Images: strike-aftermath photo via Kyiv Independent (Exilenova+ Telegram); context images via Wikimedia Commons.
Syzran Refinery
Syzran, Samara Oblast. 4 Aug 2026. Overnight on 4 August, Ukrainian strike drones hit the Syzran oil refinery as part of a wide-ranging attack that also struck Wildberries logistics hubs near Moscow and St. Petersburg; residents reported about five explosions and rising smoke, and the Samara governor confirmed a drone attack on an industrial facility in Syzran. • Operator: Rosneft (PJSC) • Capacity: ~8.5 Mt/yr (Reuters estimate, ~170,000 bbl/day) • Distance: ~700 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: fire and smoke reported after ~5 explosions; full damage not yet confirmed (estimated) • Context: supplies fuel to the Samara, Saratov and Penza regions and to military airfields; repeatedly targeted through 2026 • Federal district: Volga Federal District Images: strike-night fire photo (Supernova+ via Kyiv Independent); Syzran refinery (Militarnyi)
Novo-Ufimsky Refinery (Ufa)
Ufa, Bashkortostan. 5 Aug 2026. Ukrainian long-range drones struck the Bashneft-Novoil (Novo-Ufimsky) refinery in a rare daytime attack, with at least two confirmed impacts followed by two separate fires and heavy black smoke over the plant. It was the third strike on Ufa's refinery cluster in five days. • Operator: Bashneft, controlled by Rosneft since 2016 • Capacity: ~7 Mt/yr (estimated); part of the ~23.5 Mt/yr Ufa cluster with Ufaneftekhim and UNPZ • Distance: ~1,400 km from the Ukrainian border • Weapon: Liutyi long-range drones, per footage analysed by Militarnyi • Damage: L-35-11/1000 catalytic reforming unit set on fire; GEXA combined unit (diesel hydrotreating and gasoline reforming) also hit • Estimated impact: loss of high-octane gasoline blending components while the reforming units are down; no official capacity figure released (estimated) • Context: follows strikes on Ufaneftekhim (1 Aug) and Bashneft-UNPZ (2 Aug) • Federal district: Volga Federal District Images: Exilenova+ via Militarnyi; OSINT geolocation by Militarnyi; context photos via Wikimedia Commons.
Yaroslavl Refinery, Slavneft-YaNOS
Yaroslavl, Yaroslavl Oblast. 6 Aug 2026. President Zelensky named the Slavneft-YaNOS refinery in Yaroslavl among the targets Ukraine hit overnight. Regional governor Mikhail Yevrayev reported drones over the region around 3 a.m. and closed the highway toward Moscow; footage geolocated by Militarnyi showed several fires across the site. • Operator: Slavneft (Gazprom Neft and Rosneft joint venture) • Capacity: ~15 Mt/yr (estimated); largest refinery in Russia's Central Federal District, among the top five nationally • Distance: ~700 km from the Ukrainian border • Weapon: FP-1 long-range drones, per Fire Point cited by Ukrainian media • Estimated impact: multiple fires reported across the plant; no official capacity-loss figure released yet (estimated); seventh reported strike on the refinery in 2026 • Context: products supply Central and Northwestern Russia, airports, the Northern Railway and defense-industry sites • Federal district: Central Federal District Images: strike/fire photos via Militarnyi (Exilenova+, t.me/war_home); OSINT damage geolocation by Militarnyi; context photos via Wikimedia Commons. Figures are approximate, from open-source reporting; context images are openly licensed.
Ilsky Refinery
Ilsky (Seversky District), Krasnodar Krai. 8 Aug 2026. Krasnodar authorities said falling drone debris set the Ilsky refinery alight and wounded five people. Reuters could not verify the account, and no capacity-loss figure has been published. • Operator: Ilsky Oil Refinery (KNGK Group) • Capacity: ~6.6 Mt/yr (estimated, ~138,000 bbl/day) • Distance: ~500 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: fire reported and five people wounded; damage to processing units not independently confirmed (estimated) • Context: part of an overnight wave in which Russia's Defense Ministry said it downed 397 drones; a separate strike hit an unidentified industrial site in Samara Oblast • Federal district: Southern Federal District Images: Ilsky refinery file photo (The Moscow Times / Yandex, credited)
Syzran Refinery
Syzran, Samara Oblast. 8 Aug 2026. Samara governor Vyacheslav Fedorishchev confirmed a drone attack on an industrial site overnight but did not name it. Ukraine's General Staff said the target was the Syzran refinery, one of two plants it reported hitting alongside Ilsky in Krasnodar Krai, and a fire followed at the site. • Operator: Rosneft • Capacity: ~8.5 Mt/yr (Reuters estimate, ~170,000 bbl/day) • Distance: ~700 km from the Ukrainian border • Estimated impact: fire reported; no capacity-loss figure published (estimated) • Context: part of an overnight wave in which Russia's Defense Ministry claimed 397 drones downed; at least the third reported strike on Syzran in 2026 • Federal district: Volga Federal District Images: Syzran
TANECO Refinery (Nizhnekamsk)
Nizhnekamsk, Tatarstan. 10 Aug 2026. Ukrainian drones hit Tatneft's TANECO refinery in Nizhnekamsk, about 1,200 km from Ukrainian-held ground, and Kyiv's General Staff confirmed both the target and a fire at the plant. Tatarstan authorities put the toll at 13 killed, including a child, and dozens wounded across the city; an earlier official count on the day of the strike was 12. Regional head Rustam Minnikhanov called the attack barbaric and declared a period of mourning. • Operator: Tatneft (TANECO); Nizhnekamsk also hosts the TAIF-NK refinery • Capacity: design ~16 Mt/yr, actual throughput ~8.7 Mt/yr (estimated), one of Russia's newest and most advanced refineries • Distance: ~1,200 km from the Ukrainian border • Weapon: long-range one-way attack drones, An-196 "Liutyi" class per open-source reporting • Estimated impact: fire at the plant confirmed by Ukraine's General Staff; no capacity-loss figure published (estimated) • Context: Russia's Defense Ministry claimed 456 drones intercepted overnight across ~15 regions; the SBU calls Russian refineries "legitimate military targets" • Federal district: Volga Federal District Images: drone over Nizhnekamsk during the raid (Exilenova+ via UNITED24 Media); open-license Nizhnekamsk industrial context and a
ZapSibNeftekhim (Tobolsk), Sibur
Tobolsk, Tyumen Oblast. 10 Aug 2026. On the same night as the Nizhnekamsk raid, drones reached Russia's largest petrochemical plant more than 2,000 km from the front. Tyumen governor Alexander Moor confirmed a fire "after several drones crashed into an industrial facility" but would not name the plant; Sibur declined to comment. Reuters industry sources said the central gas fractionation unit, the plant's entry point, was damaged and the complex shut down indefinitely. • Operator: Sibur • Capacity: ~6 Mt/yr of LPG feedstock, roughly 40% of Russia's LPG output; Russia's largest petrochemical complex • Distance: more than 2,200 km from the front line, among the deepest strikes of the campaign • Unit hit: central gas fractionation unit; plant shut indefinitely (three Reuters industry sources) • Casualties: none reported • Attribution: claimed by Ukraine's Special Operations Forces "Deep Strike" together with the Russian insurgent group Chornaya Iskra • Confidence: target identification initially rested on social-media video; the shutdown is sourced only to Reuters industry sources and neither the governor nor Sibur named the facility • Federal district: Ural Federal District Coordinates are city-level; the exact plant position has not been independently verified for this entry.
Orsk Refinery (Orsknefteorgsintez)
Orsk, Orenburg Oblast. 11 Aug 2026. Ukraine's General Staff confirmed a strike on the Orsknefteorgsintez refinery, more than 1,500 km inside Russia, where several explosions were followed by a large fire. On 13 August, Orenburg governor Yevgeny Solntsev said the plant had been completely shut down, and that repairs could run to six months because the damaged equipment is imported and under sanctions. • Operator: ForteInvest (Mikhail Gutseriev's Safmar Group) • Capacity: ~6 Mt/yr (estimated); the General Staff cited about 6 million tonnes of annual crude processing • Distance: ~1,500 km from the Ukrainian border • Attribution: confirmed by Ukraine's General Staff on 11 Aug; footage geolocated to the plant by Exilenova+ and Astra • Damage: preliminary reports point to the hydrocracking complex (~1.6 Mt/yr, which turns vacuum gas oil into light products); the ELOU-AVT primary distillation unit may also have been hit • Estimated impact: processing completely halted, per Governor Solntsev on 13 Aug, who said the key imported equipment "cannot currently be restored" (estimated) • Repairs: up to six months, the governor said, citing sanctions on imported parts; he added that about 80% of the region's 287 fuel stations were still operating • Federal district: Volga Federal District Images: smoke over the Orsknefteorgsintez plant (Exilenova+ via UNITED24 Media); context photo openly licensed. Figures are approximate, from open-source reporting (Ukraine's General Staff, Kyiv Independent, Reuters, UNITED24 Media, Militarnyi).
Sheskharis Oil Terminal (Novorossiysk)
Novorossiysk, Krasnodar Krai. 12 Aug 2026. A combined sea-drone, jet-drone and Neptune missile operation overnight on 11–12 August set fires at the Sheskharis oil export terminal and at fuel tanks on the Novorossiysk naval base. Crude loading was suspended, a tanker left empty, and the terminal stopped accepting crude as its tanks filled. • Operator: Chernomortransneft (Transneft) • Throughput: ~700,000 barrels a day of crude, Russia's main Black Sea export outlet • Distance: ~450 km from the Ukrainian border (approx.) • Estimated impact: fires at Sheskharis and at the naval base; crude loading suspended and the terminal stopped accepting crude. Two grain terminals were also hit • Casualties: figures differ. Governor Veniamin Kondratyev gave both "2 killed including an 8-year-old and 13 wounded" across Krasnodar Krai and "an 8-year-old boy killed, 8 injured". The wider figure is the krai-level total for the night and should not be attributed to the terminal. About 90 people were evacuated • Note: this is an export terminal, not a refinery, it is logged here because it is oil infrastructure in the same campaign • Federal district: Southern Federal District Coordinates are port-level.
Salavat Refinery, Gazprom Neftekhim
Salavat, Bashkortostan. 13 Aug 2026. Long-range drones reached Salavat before dawn and set the Gazprom Neftekhim complex alight. Ukraine's General Staff said its Unmanned Systems Forces hit the plant; Bashkortostan head Radiy Khabirov said the attack was repelled and that debris from a downed drone started the fire. Two people were hospitalised. • Operator: Gazprom Neftekhim Salavat (Gazprom group) • Capacity: ~10 Mt/yr design; ~7.2 Mt processed in 2024, about 2.7% of Russian refining • Distance: ~1,300–1,400 km from the Ukrainian border • Units hit: the AVT-6 (6 Mt/yr) and AVT-4 (4 Mt/yr) primary distillation units, technical overpasses and pipelines, and the roof of Shop No. 20 (polyethylene), per Militarnyi using ASTRA and OSINT geolocation • Weapon: Liutyi long-range drones, per footage cited by Militarnyi • Casualties: 2 injured, both hospitalised (Khabirov) • Air defence claim: Khabirov put the raid at 21 drones over Bashkortostan, 16 downed over Salavat and 5 over Chishminsky District (Russian claim, not independently verified) • Context: the second strike on this plant in a month, after 14 July 2026; previously struck in September 2025. A Wildberries logistics complex in Chishminsky District was hit in the same wave and is logged separately • Federal district: Volga Federal District Note: Khabirov has used the same "attack repelled" formulation on earlier Ufa-area refinery strikes that ASTRA documented as active fires.
NOVATEK-Ust-Luga Gas Condensate Complex
Ust-Luga, Leningrad Oblast. 14 Aug 2026. Overnight drones hit the NOVATEK gas-condensate processing and transshipment complex at Ust-Luga port, damaging two of its three processing units. It was the sixth strike on the Ust-Luga complex since March 2026. • Operator: NOVATEK • Capacity: three units of ~3 Mt/yr each, ~8 Mt/yr in total; the complex ships naphtha, jet fuel and gasoil • Distance: ~1,000 km from the Ukrainian border (approx.) • Units hit: two of the three processing units damaged; fire at the complex • Casualties: none reported • Air defence claim: the figure for drones downed over Leningrad Oblast rose from 51 to 54 by morning (Russian claim, not independently verified) • Context: the port handles about 47% of Baltic basin cargo. Sixth strike on this complex in 2026 • Federal district: Northwestern Federal District Coordinates are port-level.
Ufimsky Refinery (Ufa)
Ufa, Bashkortostan. 19 Aug 2026. Bashkortostan governor Radiy Khabirov said air defense downed four of six drones overnight, then acknowledged that one hit a refinery unit that was undergoing maintenance and started a fire. One person was hospitalized after a separate drone struck an apartment block in northern Ufa. • Operator: Rosneft (Bashneft); Bashneft-UNPZ is the oldest of Ufa's three refineries • Capacity: the struck ELOU-AVT-6 primary distillation unit runs ~6 Mt/yr; Ufa's three plants together process ~23.5 Mt/yr • Distance: ~1,400 km from the front line • Unit hit: ELOU-AVT-6 crude distillation unit, geolocated by Militarnyi from Exilenova+ footage; the unit was offline for maintenance • Casualties: 1 hospitalized, from the apartment-block strike rather than the refinery • Repairs: Khabirov said the plant would be fixed "in a couple of days" (his estimate, not independently verified) • Air defence claim: 4 of 6 drones over Bashkortostan downed; Russia's Defense Ministry claimed 453 drones intercepted nationwide (Russian claims, not independently verified) • Context: a fire hit the same unit's area after a 2 Aug 2026 strike • Federal district: Volga Federal District Images: fire at Bashneft-UNPZ and GEOINT damage of the ELOU-AVT-6 unit (Exilenova+ / Militarnyi); open-license Ufa refinery context (Wikimedia Commons). Figures approximate, from open-source reporting (The Moscow Times, Militarnyi, TASS/Khabirov).
TANECO Refinery (Nizhnekamsk)
Nizhnekamsk, Tatarstan. 20 Aug 2026. Ukraine's General Staff confirmed a strike on Tatneft's TANECO refinery, and video geolocated by OSINT accounts showed an FP-1 drone diving into an already-burning process unit. Neither the General Staff nor Euromaidan Press could establish whether processing equipment was damaged or output stopped. • Operator: Tatneft (TANECO) • Capacity: ~16 Mt/yr processed, among Russia's newest and largest refineries • Distance: ~1,200 km from the front line • Attribution: confirmed by Ukraine's General Staff, which said the plant "is involved in supplying the enemy army"; footage geolocated by Militarnyi, with additional strike video credited to OSINTtechnical and Supernova+ • Estimated impact: a fire was recorded at the production site, per the General Staff; no damage or capacity-loss figure confirmed (estimated) • Context: TANECO was also struck on 10 Aug 2026; the Tamanneftegaz oil export terminal and a Taman power substation feeding occupied Crimea were reported hit the same night, logged separately as non-refinery infrastructure • Federal district: Volga Federal District Images: FP-1 drone striking the plant (Supernova+ via Euromaidan Press); open-license Nizhnekamsk industrial context (Wikimedia Commons). Figures approximate, from open-source reporting (Euromaidan Press, Kyiv Independent, Ukraine's General Staff).
Tamanneftegaz Oil Terminal
Volna, Krasnodar Krai. 20 Aug 2026. Storage tanks were likely burning again at Tamanneftegaz, per NASA thermal data reviewed by Militarnyi, in the same overnight operation that reached the TANECO refinery and a substation feeding occupied Crimea. Operator: OTEKO Group Capacity: ~19.9 Mt/yr throughput (estimated); tank farm over 1 million m3 Distance: more than 300 km from the front line (estimated) Estimated impact: storage tanks assessed as likely burning from thermal data; no official damage figure has been published Casualties: none reported Context: fourth reported strike on this facility in the timeline, after 13 May, 24 May and 30 Jul Federal district: Southern Federal District Images: NASA FIRMS thermal-anomaly map (Euromaidan Press).
Perm Refinery (Lukoil-PNOS)
Perm, Perm Krai. 21 Aug 2026. Drones reached the Lukoil-Permnefteorgsintez refinery before dawn, and Telegram channels including ASTRA and Exilenova+ posted footage of smoke over the plant. Ukraine's General Staff confirmed the strike hours later, alongside a separate hit on the Marinovka military airfield in Volgograd Oblast. • Operator: Lukoil (Lukoil-Permnefteorgsintez) • Capacity: ~13 Mt/yr design capacity; ~12.6 Mt processed in 2024 per Reuters; refining depth ~98%, among the highest of any Russian refinery • Distance: ~1,500 km from the Ukrainian border, per Ukraine's General Staff (Zelensky cited over 1,600 km; Reuters put it closer to 1,400 km) • Estimated impact: a fire was reported on the refinery grounds; the Kyiv Independent said it could not verify the footage or the extent of any damage at the time of publication (estimated) • Casualties: none reported at the refinery; Governor Dmitry Makhonin said a separate drone strike injured one person elsewhere in the region • Air defence claim: Russia's Defense Ministry said it intercepted 325 drones nationwide overnight; Makhonin put the regional figure at 16 downed (Russian claims, not independently verified) • Context: third strike on this refinery in 2026, after 29 Apr and 29 Jul • Federal district: Volga Federal District Images: smoke over the refinery (ASTRA via the Kyiv Independent; Exilenova+ via the Moscow Times; UNN); open-license Perm refinery context (Wikimedia Commons). Figures approximate, from open-source reporting (Kyiv Independent, the Moscow Times, UNN, Ukraine's General Staff).
Novokuibyshevsk Refinery
Novokuibyshevsk, Samara Oblast. 22 Aug 2026. A fire burned for hours at Rosneft's Novokuibyshevsk oil refinery after drones struck overnight between 21 and 22 August, the plant's third confirmed hit this year. • Operator: Rosneft (JSC Novokuibyshevsk Oil Refinery) • Capacity: ~8.8 Mt/yr design (Rosneft figure cited by Ukraine's General Staff); Reuters sources put 2024 throughput at ~5.74 Mt/yr (about 115,000 bpd) • Distance: ~900 km from the Ukrainian border (estimated) • Attribution: confirmed by Ukraine's General Staff; the fire was geolocated to the refinery grounds by ASTRA from Exilenova+ footage • Weapon: FP-1 long-range attack drones, per Ukrainian drone maker Fire Point, which said its systems carried out both the refinery strike and the Ozon logistics-hub hit the same night • Estimated impact: no unit-level damage confirmed at time of publication; the General Staff said the extent was still being assessed • Context: the refinery's CDU-11 and CDU-9 primary units were shut down after an 18 April 2026 strike, per Reuters sources, and it was hit again on 2 June 2026. A nearby Ozon logistics hub in Chapayevsk was also struck the same night, the first reported drone hit on Ozon infrastructure; that warehouse strike is not a refinery and is not logged here • Federal district: Volga Federal District Images: fire over the refinery, 22 Aug 2026 (Exilenova+ via Militarnyi; Exilenova+ via ASTRA/UNN); open-license refinery file used as a generic placeholder pending a Novokuibyshevsk-specific image (Wikimedia Commons). Figures approximate, from open-source reporting (Kyiv Post, UNN, Militarnyi, Ukraine's General Staff, Reuters via OilPrice.com, LIGA.net, RBC-Ukraine).
Afipsky Refinery
Afipsky, Krasnodar Krai. 25 Aug 2026. Ukraine's military said its forces struck the Afipsky refinery overnight, the fifth confirmed hit on the plant this year. Drone debris also fell on the nearby Afipskaya railway station and a residential block, killing two people and injuring two more, according to Krasnodar governor Veniamin Kondratyev. • Operator: Afipsky Refinery (Safmar Group) • Capacity: ~6.25 Mt/yr, about 2% of Russian refining (Ukraine's General Staff / UNITED24 figure); Kyiv Post cites ~7.2 Mt/yr • Distance: ~150–200 km from the Ukrainian border (estimated) • Casualties: 2 killed, 2 injured; both from falling drone debris near the plant, not inside it • Estimated impact: fire confirmed at the refinery; the extent of the damage was still being assessed at time of publication • Context: fifth confirmed strike on this plant in 2026, per Kyiv Post (21 Jan, 14 Mar, 11 Jun, 14 Jul, 25 Aug); this timeline previously logged the 11 Jun and 14 Jul strikes • Federal district: Southern Federal District Images: fire at the refinery (Exilenova+ via UNITED24 Media; ASTRA via Kyiv Post; Exilenova+ via the Moscow Times); open-license NASA FIRMS fire-detection map of an earlier strike on the plant (Wikimedia Commons).
Novoshakhtinsk Refinery
Novoshakhtinsk, Rostov Oblast. 25 Aug 2026. The Novoshakhtinsk refinery sits about 10 km from the Russian-Ukrainian border, closer than any other plant on this timeline. Rostov governor Yuri Slyusar said the facility was damaged in an overnight drone attack and had temporarily suspended operations. Ukrainian monitoring channel Supernova+ first reported the strike; Ukraine's military has not commented. • Operator: independent refinery (Novoshakhtinskiy Zavod Neftoproduktov, NZNP) • Capacity: ~7.5 Mt/yr design (estimated); some sources cite as low as ~5.6 Mt/yr, roughly 110,000–115,000 bpd • Distance: ~10 km from the Ukrainian border, the closest refinery logged on this timeline • Casualties: none reported at the refinery; the governor said four private homes and a patch of forest also caught fire in the town • Estimated impact: refinery damaged and processing suspended, per the governor; no unit-level detail available yet • Context: first appearance of this plant on the timeline; previously hit by Neptune cruise missiles on 31 May 2026 (two primary distillation units knocked out) and by Storm Shadow missiles on 25 Dec 2025 • Federal district: Southern Federal District Images: plant view (Militarnyi, via NZNP); open-license NASA FIRMS fire-detection map of an earlier fire event near the plant (Wikimedia Commons), used as context pending a strike-specific photo.
Kstovo Refinery, NORSI
Kstovo, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. 26 Aug 2026. Local residents filmed flames spreading across Lukoil's NORSI refinery before dawn on 26 August, hours before any Russian official commented. Ukraine's General Staff later confirmed its forces had struck the plant and that a fire followed. • Operator: Lukoil (Lukoil-Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez, known as NORSI) • Capacity: sources vary: UNN cites ~17 Mt/yr design capacity, Militarnyi ~17 Mt/yr, Kyiv Post ~15 Mt/yr processed; Russia's fourth-largest refinery and second-largest gasoline producer • Distance: ~800 km from the Ukrainian border (Kyiv Independent estimate) • Attribution: confirmed by Ukraine's General Staff; drone maker Fire Point said its FP-1 drones struck the refinery and a Wildberries logistics hub in Kotovsk, Tambov Oblast, the same night • Estimated impact: Reuters reported on 26 Aug, citing three industry sources, that NORSI halted crude oil processing entirely; several processing units, inter-unit infrastructure and general plant facilities were damaged. Multiple fires were also geolocated across the site by Militarnyi and OSINT channels ASTRA, Supernova+ and Exilenova+ (estimated) • Repairs: Reuters said it is unclear how long the site will stay offline; Lukoil now has all of its major Russian refineries offline because of Ukrainian strikes, per Reuters sources • Context: fifth reported strike on this refinery in 2026 per Kyiv Post (5 Apr, 20 May, 24 Jun, 2 Jul, 26 Aug); this timeline previously logged the 20 May, 24 Jun and 2 Jul strikes. The Kotovsk Wildberries hub hit the same night is not a refinery and is not logged here • Federal district: Volga Federal District • Confirmed shutdown: on 4 September Ukraine's General Staff said the plant had stopped work, calling it one of the key facilities of Russian oil refining. Images: fire at the refinery (Exilenova+ via the Kyiv Independent); refinery photo (UNN); geolocation of the strike site (Militarnyi); open-license Kstovo refinery satellite image (Wikimedia Commons / Sentinel-2).
Yaroslavl Refinery, Slavneft-YaNOS
Yaroslavl, Yaroslavl Oblast. 28 Aug 2026. One person was killed and 27 injured when Ukrainian drones struck the Slavneft-YANOS refinery overnight, with falling debris hitting an intercity bus outside the city. Ukraine's General Staff confirmed the strike hours later: its eighth reported hit on the plant in 2026. • Operator: Slavneft-YANOS (jointly controlled by Rosneft and Gazprom) • Capacity: ~15 Mt/yr, one of Russia's five largest refineries • Distance: ~700 km (435 miles) from the Ukrainian border • Casualties: 1 killed, 27 injured, per Yaroslavl Governor Mikhail Yevrayev; 10 of the injured were hurt when drone debris hit a passenger bus (estimated, not independently verified by the Kyiv Independent) • Weapon: FP-1 long-range drones, per Ukrainian dronemaker Fire Point • Estimated impact: at least two fires geolocated to the refinery's Dyadkovo district by ASTRA; extent of any processing-unit damage not yet confirmed • Context: eighth confirmed strike on this plant in 2026 per the Kyiv Independent; this timeline previously logged the 24 Jun, 16 Jul, 27 Jul and 6 Aug strikes • Federal district: Central Federal District Images: fire at the refinery (Supernova+ via the Moscow Times; UNN); open-license Yaroslavl refinery context photo (Wikimedia Commons).
Kirishi Refinery, KINEF
Kirishi, Leningrad Oblast. 30 Aug 2026. Leningrad Oblast Governor Alexander Drozdenko confirmed damage in Kirishi after overnight strikes, saying blown-out windows in several apartment blocks and a fire in the city's industrial zone had both been extinguished by morning. Ukraine's General Staff said its forces struck the KINEF refinery and two other Russian military-linked sites in the same operation. Operator: Surgutneftegas (Kirishinefteorgsintez, known as KINEF) Capacity: ~20.1 Mt/yr primary processing design (Militarnyi); ~17.5 Mt processed in 2024, about 6.6% of Russia's total refining Distance: ~900 km from the Ukrainian border (estimated) Casualties: none reported at the refinery; the governor said only property damage from falling drone debris in nearby residential areas Estimated impact (updated 9 Sep): satellite imagery reviewed by the Absolutely Reliable Source project refined the initial damage picture. Two primary units are confirmed hit and shut down, ELOU-AT-1 (~1.7 Mt/yr) and ELOU-AT-6 (~7.6 Mt/yr); ELOU-AVT-2 (~2.8 Mt/yr) remains under repair from an earlier strike; ELOU-AVT-6 (~8 Mt/yr), the refinery's largest unit, is fully operational. In total, more than 12 Mt/yr of primary capacity, about 60%, is currently out of service Confirmed shutdown: on 2 September the Moscow Times reported the refinery had completely halted crude processing; it had been running at roughly 50% of capacity through August after earlier 2026 strikes Context: sixth reported strike on this refinery since the start of the full-scale invasion, per Euromaidan Press; this timeline previously logged the 5 May 2026 strike. A March 2026 strike had shut the refinery's largest unit for roughly a month Federal district: Northwestern Federal District Images: fire at the refinery (Exilenova+ via Euromaidan Press; Exilenova+ via the Kyiv Independent); open-license KINEF office building and an earlier NASA FIRMS fire-detection map of the site (Wikimedia Commons).
Ust-Luga, Novatek Gas Condensate Complex
Ust-Luga, Leningrad Oblast. 1 Sep 2026. Ukraine's military intelligence directorate and the Defence Forces struck the Novatek complex at the Baltic port of Ust-Luga overnight. HUR named the target the same day and said key elements of the processing installation were hit and a large fire followed. The General Staff confirmed the strike the next day. The regional governor acknowledged a fire at the port while claiming 38 drones had been shot down. • Operator: Novatek • What it does: separates stable gas condensate into light and heavy naphtha, kerosene, a diesel fraction and a marine-fuel component for export by sea • Capacity: design capacity above 6 Mt/yr • Distance: roughly 1,000 km from the Ukrainian border (estimated) • Casualties: none reported • Estimated impact: processing equipment damaged and a large fire; the scale was still under assessment when the General Staff confirmed it • Context: sixth reported strike on Ust-Luga in 2026, after 24 and 25 March, 31 March, 7 April and 14 August. Earlier hits damaged storage tanks, piers and pumping equipment and briefly halted port operations • Federal district: Northwestern Federal District • Confirmed shutdown: on 4 September Ukraine's General Staff said the complex had stopped work, listing damage to pipelines, the primary gas condensate processing unit and two hydrocracking columns, with oil spills of about 200 sq m and 250 sq m at separate points. Images: open-license photograph of the Ust-Luga terminal (Wikimedia Commons). Fire footage circulated via Ukrainska Pravda, Ukrinform and Euromaidan Press.
Russia Starts Sending Its Crude Abroad to Be Refined
1 Sep 2026. The cumulative effect of the campaign, stated in figures rather than fires. • Capacity disabled: Ukrainian assessments reported by the Kyiv Post put the share of Russia's total refining capacity out of action at about 43 per cent. Independent verification of that figure is not available • Gasoline supply: Russia is meeting roughly 65 per cent of its own gasoline demand, on a Reuters estimate of 10 July 2026, against a summer requirement of about 120,000 tonnes a day • Response: exports halted and rationing introduced during August 2026 • Refining abroad: on 25 August Kazakhstan's energy ministry confirmed that the Kondensat refinery would process Russian crude and return about 70 per cent of the product. Kondensat handles 200,000 tonnes a year, which is roughly 0.3 per cent of one day of Russian gasoline demand • Assessment: John Roberts of the Atlantic Council described the shortage as acute and the Kazakh arrangement as help rather than a solution A country that exported refined product for decades is now shipping crude across a border to have it turned into petrol, and getting two thirds of it back.
Sochi, Three Fuel Depots and a Support Vessel
Sochi, Krasnodar Krai. 3 to 4 Sep 2026. Naval drones hit the port of Sochi on 3 September, striking the Russian offshore support vessel Nefrit and an air defence position. The following night drones went in against the fuel storage around the city, and Mayor Andrei Proshunin confirmed a depot fire. • Sites: the Rosneft-Kubannefteprodukt depot in the Adler district; the Lukoil-Yugneftprodukt depot on the federal territory of Sirius; and the BATO aviation fuel terminal, which fuels aircraft across Krasnodar Krai • Capacity: the Lukoil site holds 12 tanks totalling about 8,400 cubic metres • Distance: about 600 km from the front line • Casualties: regional headquarters said there were none • Estimated impact: fires at both depots despite protective structures and anti-drone netting over the tanks. A launch position for an S-300 or S-400 system near Sirius, by the Psou river on the Abkhazian border, was also hit. Russia's Defence Ministry said nothing about that one • Federal district: Southern Federal District Images: open-license photograph of the port of Sochi (Wikimedia Commons). Strike footage via Militarnyi, United24 and Euromaidan Press.
Sterlitamak, Petrochemical Plant and the Avangard Works
Sterlitamak, Bashkortostan. 4 Sep 2026. On the same night as the Sochi depots, at least twelve FP-1 drones went in against Sterlitamak, more than 1,300 km from the Ukrainian border. Residents reported a series of explosions. • Sites: the Sterlitamak Petrochemical Plant, which makes synthetic rubber, aviation gasoline and the ionol additive; and the Avangard works, a Rostec enterprise producing explosives, ammunition and casings, which also disposes of ballistic missile fuel • Weapon: FP-1 long-range drones • Distance: more than 1,300 km from the border • Casualties: none reported • Estimated impact: not confirmed at time of publication • Context: the petrochemical plant was previously struck in November 2025 and in January and April 2026 • Federal district: Volga Federal District Images: open-license photograph of Sterlitamak (Wikimedia Commons). Reporting via Euromaidan Press and the Wikipedia war timeline.
Ryazan Refinery
Ryazan, Ryazan Oblast. 6 Sep 2026. Ryazan Oblast governor Pavel Malkov confirmed a drone attack overnight, reporting residential damage in the city and in Sapozhkovsky district, but did not name the site that caught fire. Ukraine's General Staff and the independent Russian outlet Astra both identified it as the Ryazan Oil Refinery. Operator: Rosneft Capacity: ~17 Mt/yr design (Kyiv Post cites ~13.1 Mt/yr processed in the most recent full year), about 5% of Russia's refining Distance: ~470 km from the Ukrainian border Estimated impact: the Izomalk-2-LIN-800 low-temperature isomerization unit, which supplies the high-octane blending component for Euro-5 gasoline, was set ablaze; Fire Point said FP-1 drones also hit the rectification columns of the ELOU-AVT-6 unit (~8.5 Mt/yr, the plant's largest primary unit) and the AVT-3 unit (~3.1 Mt/yr), together over 77% of the refinery's primary processing capacity Confirmed shutdown: Fire Point said the refinery halted operations completely for repairs it expects to take a long time; the plant's most recent full stoppage, after the 15 May strike, lasted more than three months Context: this timeline's third recorded strike on the plant in 2026, after 15 May and 29 Jul; Militarnyi counts at least 16 confirmed hits on the refinery since March 2024 Federal district: Central Federal District Images: refinery fire (Exilenova+ via Euromaidan Press and Kyiv Post); open-license Ryazan refinery gas flare (Wikimedia Commons).
Perm Refinery (Lukoil-PNOS)
Perm, Perm Krai. 7 Sep 2026. Perm Governor Dmitry Makhonin said a drone strike killed one person and injured four when it hit an apartment building in the early hours of 7 September; his statement made no mention of a refinery. Ukrainian channels Exilenova+ and Supernova+ published footage placing drones over the Lukoil-Permnefteorgsintez plant, and President Volodymyr Zelensky listed the Perm region among the oil-refinery targets his forces struck that night. Operator: Lukoil (Lukoil-Permnefteorgsintez) Capacity: ~13 Mt/yr design; ~12.6 Mt processed in 2024 per Reuters Distance: ~1,500 km from the Ukrainian border (estimated) Casualties: one killed, four injured in the apartment-building strike, per Governor Makhonin; not confirmed as linked to the refinery Estimated impact: not confirmed by Ukraine's military at time of publication; the Kyiv Independent said it could not verify the OSINT footage or the extent of any damage Also claimed: Zelensky said long-range forces also struck an oil refinery in Tatarstan the same night; Tatarstan's government spokesperson said the wave of drones over Nizhnekamsk caused no casualties or destruction and that production was not disrupted Context: fifth reported strike on this refinery in 2026, after 29 Apr, 7 May, 29 Jul and 21 Aug Federal district: Volga Federal District Images: smoke and a drone overhead from President Zelensky's strike compilation (Kyiv Independent; Ukrainska Pravda); open-license Lukoil-PNOS refinery panorama (Wikimedia Commons).
Saratov Refinery
Saratov, Saratov Oblast. 8 Sep 2026. Ten people were injured, three of them children, when drones hit the city overnight. The regional governor described damage to civilian buildings without naming a target; the independent Russian outlet Astra geolocated the resulting fire to the Saratov Oil Refinery. Operator: Rosneft Capacity: ~7 Mt/yr nameplate; ~5.8 Mt processed in 2024, about 2.2% of Russian refining (Kyiv Post) Distance: ~600 km from the Ukrainian border (Kyiv Independent puts it closer, at ~460 km) Casualties: ten injured, three of them children; six hospitalized with no life-threatening injuries, per Governor Roman Busargin Estimated impact: no independent confirmation of damage to the refinery itself yet; Ukraine's General Staff had made no statement on the strike at time of publication Context: fourth reported strike on this refinery in the timeline in 2026, after 30 May, 8 Jul and 2 Aug; NV.ua and monitoring channels count it among at least 15 Ukrainian strikes on the plant since the start of the full-scale war Federal district: Volga Federal District Images: refinery fire and drone footage (Astra via NV.ua; Exilenova+ via Kyiv Independent); open-license Saratov refinery photograph (Wikimedia Commons).
Purovsky Gas Condensate Processing Plant
Purovsky District, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. 9 Sep 2026. No casualties were reported when the same overnight operation reached the Purovsky Gas Condensate Processing Plant, run by NOVATEK in the same Yamalo-Nenets region as Novy Urengoy. Operator: PJSC Novatek Capacity: processed ~13.4 Mt of gas condensate in 2025, per Ukraine's Special Operations Forces citing Novatek's own figures Distance: more than 3,000 km from the Ukrainian border (estimated) Casualties: none reported Estimated impact: not yet confirmed; Militarnyi said it remains unknown which units were hit or how much of the plant's capacity was affected Context: processes deethanized gas condensate piped from Novatek's East-Tarkosalinskoye, Khancheyskoye and Yurkharovskoye fields; struck roughly 125 km south of the Novy Urengoy condensate treatment plant in the same record-setting operation Federal district: Ural Federal District Images: fire over the Yamalo-Nenets region during the same overnight strikes (Astra via Kyiv Post); open-license photograph of Purovsky District (Wikimedia Commons).
Sheskharis Oil Terminal (Novorossiysk)
Novorossiysk, Krasnodar Krai. 9 Sep 2026. Mayor Andrei Kravchenko blamed the night's fires at the port on falling drone debris. Ukraine's Security Service said its Alpha Special Operations Center and the Unmanned Systems Forces struck the Sheskharis terminal's oil-loading infrastructure directly, together with the adjoining naval base. Operator: Novorossiysk Commercial Sea Port; Sheskharis is the coastal endpoint of Chernomortransneft's (Transneft) crude pipelines Capacity: the mazut (fuel-oil) terminal hit handles ~4 Mt/yr; the wider Sheskharis complex has a design capacity of ~75 Mt/yr for crude Distance: ~450 km from the Ukrainian border (approximate, as recorded for the 12 Aug strike on the same complex) Estimated impact: Militarnyi's GEOINT analysis and the independent Russian outlet Astra both placed the fire at the Novorossiysk fuel-oil terminal; the Dnipro OSINT project said at least one storage tank was damaged. No word yet on whether loading was suspended Casualties: Krasnodar Krai Governor Veniamin Kondratyev said 4 people were killed, including a child, and 29 injured across Novorossiysk overnight; the toll covers the wider city, not the terminal specifically Also struck: Unmanned Systems Forces commander Robert Brovdi said the same operation damaged several Black Sea Fleet vessels, including Kalibr-capable ships, at the adjoining naval base Context: second recorded strike on this complex in the timeline, after 12 Aug; Russia's defense ministry said 596 Ukrainian drones were intercepted nationwide overnight Federal district: Southern Federal District Images: port fire and air-defense footage (Exilenova+ via Kyiv Independent; Supernova+ via Ukraine Top News); open-license Novorossiysk port photographs (Wikimedia Commons).
Novy Urengoy Gas Condensate Treatment Plant
Novy Urengoy, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. 9 Sep 2026. Drones reached Novy Urengoy on 9 September, more than 3,000 km from Ukraine and deeper into Russia than any strike of the war so far. Regional governor Dmitry Artyukhov said intercepted drone debris started a fire at an industrial site and reported no casualties; Ukraine's Special Operations Forces said its Deep Strike unit hit the Novy Urengoy condensate treatment plant directly. Operator: Gazprom (Gazprom Dobycha Urengoy) Capacity: ~19.5 Mt/yr combined gas condensate treatment capacity (Militarnyi) Distance: ~3,200 km from the Ukrainian border (Fire Point put its drone's flight at over 3,300 km) Casualties: none reported, per Governor Artyukhov Estimated impact: fire and gas flaring visible in resident and monitoring-channel footage; the governor did not name the facility struck and said the extent of damage was still being assessed; no word yet on how much capacity was affected Context: the first Ukrainian strike on Russia's Yamalo-Nenets region, which produces about 80% of the country's natural gas; struck in the same operation as the Purovsky Gas Condensate Processing Plant, roughly 125 km to the south Federal district: Ural Federal District Images: strike footage (Exilenova+ via the Kyiv Independent); open-license photograph of Novy Urengoy (Wikimedia Commons).
Saratov Refinery
Saratov, Saratov Oblast. 11 Sep 2026. Ukraine's General Staff confirmed a strike on the Saratov refinery overnight, saying fires were recorded on site and that the scale of the damage was still being assessed. Astra's OSINT team separately geolocated the blaze to the plant after Governor Roman Busargin described only "damage to civilian infrastructure" without naming a target. Operator: Rosneft (since 2013) Capacity: ~7 Mt/yr nameplate (General Staff); ~5.8 Mt processed in 2024, about 2.2% of Russian refining (Kyiv Post) Distance: ~600 km from the Ukrainian border (Kyiv Independent puts it closer, at ~460 km) Estimated impact: fires recorded on site per the General Staff; no unit-by-unit damage figure published yet Casualties: none reported, per Governor Busargin, unlike the 8 September strike on the same plant, which injured ten Status: Reuters sources said the plant halted processing entirely and had been shut for several weeks after earlier strikes; it was close to restarting when the 11 September attack hit. Combined with Syzran, the two idled refineries account for roughly 290,000 barrels per day of capacity Context: sixth reported strike on this refinery in the timeline in 2026, after 30 May, 8 Jul, 2 Aug and 8 Sep; the same overnight operation also hit an Ozon logistics hub in Saratov Federal district: Volga Federal District Images: strike footage (Supernova+ via LIGA.net; Exilenova+ via OBOZ.UA); open-license Saratov refinery photograph (Wikimedia Commons).
TANECO Refinery (Nizhnekamsk)
Nizhnekamsk, Tatarstan. 13 Sep 2026. Drones reached the TANECO refinery at 3:22 a.m., according to Militarnyi's timing of the strike. Ukraine's General Staff said at the time only that a storage tank had caught fire and that the damage was still being assessed. Satellite images published five days later by the OSINT project Dnipro Osint identified the unit actually hit: ELOU-AVT-7, the refinery's largest crude distillation line. Operator: Tatneft (TANECO) Capacity: design ~16 Mt/yr; processed ~16.2 Mt in 2022, ranking among Russia's five largest refineries (Kyiv Post) Distance: ~1,200 km from the Ukrainian border Estimated impact: Dnipro Osint's imagery, published 18 Sep, shows ELOU-AVT-7 was hit, a unit that processes about 9.2 million tonnes of crude a year, roughly 52% of TANECO's primary refining capacity by the OSINT project's estimate; a Kaspersky industrial-monitoring case study describes the unit as the plant's most complex section Casualties: none confirmed by Ukrainian or Russian officials for this strike as of 19 Sep Context: fourth reported strike on this refinery in the timeline in 2026, after 12 Jun, 8 Jul and 20 Aug; Euromaidan Press analysis frames this hit as part of a shift in the campaign toward primary distillation units, which halt a plant, rather than the storage tanks that earlier strikes mainly set alight Federal district: Volga Federal District Images: smoke near the refinery (Exilenova+ via UNITED24 Media); refinery fire (exilenova+ via Euromaidan Press); open-license Nizhnekamsk photograph (Wikimedia Commons).
Slavyansk Refinery
Slavyansk-na-Kubani, Krasnodar Krai. 13 Sep 2026. Ukraine's Defense Intelligence said operators from its Active Operations and Unmanned Systems departments struck the Slavyansk-EKO refinery overnight, hitting a primary processing unit and the plant's tank farm. Astra and local residents posted video of a large fire and thick smoke over the town before the strike was confirmed. Operator: Slavyansk-EKO, an independent refiner that runs on purchased or tolling crude rather than its own production Capacity: ~5.2 Mt/yr design (Militarnyi); Ukraine's HUR put actual throughput at more than 4 Mt/yr Distance: ~350 km from the Ukrainian border Estimated impact: Dnipro OSINT satellite photos showed two oil storage tanks destroyed and damage to neighboring tanks; HUR said the tank farm and a key processing unit were both hit Context: second reported strike on this refinery in the timeline in 2026, after 25 Jun; Euromaidan Press counts at least four Ukrainian strikes on the plant since April 2024, including one in January 2026 Federal district: Southern Federal District Images: refinery fire (Exilenova+ via Euromaidan Press; Astra via Kyiv Post); satellite fire analysis (Dnipro OSINT via Euromaidan Press); HUR strike photo (via UNITED24 Media); open-license Slavyansk-on-Kuban photograph (Wikimedia Commons).
Syzran Refinery
Syzran, Samara Oblast. 15 Sep 2026. Fires broke out at several points inside the Syzran refinery after Ukrainian drones reached Samara Oblast overnight, Exilenova+ reported. Governor Vyacheslav Fedorishchev said more than 40 drones were shot down over the region and that air defense and mobile fire teams had repelled the attack, without naming the refinery as a target. Operator: Rosneft Capacity: ~8.9 Mt/yr design (UNITED24), more than 3% of Russia's total refining capacity Distance: ~800 km from the Ukrainian border (a more precise figure than the ~700 km estimated earlier in this timeline) Estimated impact: Ukraine's General Staff and Ukrainska Pravda identified the unit hit as the AVT-6 primary crude distillation line and the tank farm; Reuters sources, citing the same unit under its other name, CDU-6, put its share of the plant's total processing capacity at about 71% Repairs: Reuters sources said the damaged unit could take at least a month to fix; the refinery's second distillation line, the remaining 29% of capacity, has been idle for maintenance since a July strike, so Syzran halted processing entirely on 15 September Context: sixth reported strike on this refinery in the timeline in 2026, after 18 Apr, 21 May, 12 Jul, 4 Aug and 8 Aug; Samara and Ulyanovsk airports briefly suspended flights during the attack Federal district: Volga Federal District Images: refinery fire (Exilenova Plus via Kyiv Independent and Charter97; exilenova_plus via The Moscow Times); open-license Syzran refinery photograph (Wikimedia Commons).